Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral infection, has become a major global health problem. Primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, the virus causes a spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild fever and headache to severe bleeding and organ damage. Although most cases are self-limited, a small percentage can develop dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), which can be fatal if not treated in time.

The incidence of dengue has increased dramatically in recent decades due to several factors. Urbanization and globalization have created ideal breeding grounds for mosquitoes, as these insects thrive in stagnant water and in close proximity to humans. Climate change has also played a role, as rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns expand the breeding season and geographic range of mosquitoes. These factors have contributed to the rapid spread of dengue, making it a major public health challenge in many tropical and subtropical regions.

Symptoms of dengue usually appear 4 to 7 days after infection and can include fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. In severe cases, dengue hemorrhagic fever can cause internal bleeding, organ failure, and shock. SDS, a more severe form of dengue hemorrhagic fever, is characterized by hypotension, tachycardia, and shortness of breath. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to preventing complications and reducing mortality.

Dengue prevention and control relies on a multipronged approach. Vector control measures, such as elimination of mosquito breeding sites, use of larvicides and adulticides, and personal protective measures must be promoted. Public health initiatives including surveillance, early diagnosis, and timely treatment are also essential. In addition, research and development efforts have been focused on the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs to combat dengue.

Although significant progress has been made in understanding and combating dengue, it remains a major public health challenge. Continued efforts are needed to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies, as well as develop innovative solutions to combat this emerging global health threat.